This article is dedicated to a literature review on the problems of improving the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal open bite anomalies in children. According to various authors, the frequency of this condition is approximately 13.5%. The prevalence of vertical incisor disocclusion is 11.3–16.9% in European countries and 12.1% in Latin America. The prevalence of open bite in patients seeking orthodontic care was 2.66%. The frequency of occurrence in patients with neutral, distal, and mesial dental arch relationships was 1.8%, 2.7%, and 13.0%, respectively. In children with Class III vertical disocclusion of the dental arches, speech function is impaired, which manifests as the incorrect pronunciation of affricate (c, ch), sibilant (sh, zh), and whistling (s, s', z, z') sounds. The formation of an open bite is associated with many etiological factors: impaired respiratory, swallowing, and speech functions, endocrinopathies, macroglossia, postural disorders, genetic predisposition, the presence of harmful habits, and neurological pathology. Childhood is the most favorable period for the prevention and treatment of an open bite. At this age, the child's jaws are still growing and developing.

Open bite, anomaly, cross-occlusion

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