Evaluation of Platelet and Haemostatic Biomarkers of Methanol Leaves Extract of Chromolaena Odorata In Cyclophosphamide-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Wistar Rats

Inoh, I. R.; Onuigwe, F. U.; Mohamed, K.; Raji, A. A.; Maniru, N.

doi:10.37547/ijmsphr/Volume07Issue11-02

Authors

Inoh, I. R.

Department of Haematology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
Onuigwe, F. U.

Department of Haematology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
Mohamed, K.

Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
Raji, A. A.

Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria
Maniru, N.

Department of Haematology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria

Keywords

Chromolaena odorata thrombocytopenia cyclophosphamide

Abstract

Thrombocytopenia is a clinically important haematological disorder, but platelet count alone does not describe its effects on platelet biology and haemostasis. This study evaluated the effect of methanol leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata on platelet count, platelet indices (mean platelet volume, MPV; platelet distribution width, PDW; plateletcrit, PCT; platelet large cell ratio, P-LCR), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and fibrinogen in cyclophosphamide-induced thrombocytopenia in Wistar rats. Cyclophosphamide was used solely to induce thrombocytopenia. Acute oral toxicity (LD50) was first determined using Lorke's metho. Twenty-five Wistar rats were allocated to five groups (n=5): normal control, negative control (cyclophosphamide only), and three groups administered cyclophosphamide with the extract orally at 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg respectively for two weeks. Platelet count and indices were measured using an automated haematology analyser, and vWF and fibrinogen were measured by ELISA. Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). No mortality was observed up to 5000 mg/kg. Significant group differences were observed for platelet count, PDW, PCT, P-LCR, and vWF, but not for MPV or fibrinogen. Cyclophosphamide reduced platelet count, PCT, and vWF and increased PDW and P-LCR. It has been seen that in all the extract-treated groups there is higher platelet count and PCT and lower PDW than the negative control; vWF was highest at 250 mg/kg, and P-LCR was lowest at 125 mg/kg. The extract restored platelet count and returned platelet-turnover indices and vWF toward normal values in cyclophosphamide-induced thrombocytopenic rats. Findings provide experimental evidence that methanol leaves extract of C. odorata possesses promising thrombocytopoietic properties supporting further investigation.

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